Case Western Reserve University Leaf 14
This leaf comes from a French Bible of the late thirteenth century. The vellum is thin, white, and supple with minimal yellowing, measuring a substantial 40.5 x 27 cm. Lining is done in light ink or lead, and the script is an angular gothic. The bulk of the text is in brown ink, with red, blue, coral, white, and beige for the decorations. This leaf is heavily illuminated and decorated, including elaborate initials and foliage, highlighted book names and chapter numbers, and extensive use of gold leaf. But while the decoration is exceptional, we see on these leaves an unusual number of scribal corrections (especially erasures and strikethroughs). See Denison University Leaf 14 for more information about this manuscript.
Text: Ezekiel 27:30-29:5 (recto) and 29:5-30:20 (verso).
Case Western Reserve University Leaf 14 Recto
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amáre, et superjácient púlverem capítibus suis, et cínere conspergéntur. Et radent super te calvítium, et accingéntur cilíciis: et plorábunt te in amaritúdine ánimæ, plorátu amaríssimo. Et assúment super te carmen lúgubre, et plangent te: Quæ est ut Tyrus, quæ obmútuit in médio maris? Quæ in éxitu negotiatiónum tuárum de mari implésti pópulos multos: in multitúdine divitiárum tuárum, et populórum tuórum, ditásti reges terræ. Nunc contríta es a mari: in profúndis aquárum opes tuæ, et omnis multitúdo tua quæ erat in médio tui, cecidérunt. Univérsi habitatóres insulárum obstupuérunt super te, et reges eárum omnes tempestáte percúlsi mutavérunt vultus. Negotiatóres populórum sibilavérunt super te: ad níhilum dedúcta es, et non eris usque in perpétuum. XXVIII. Et factus est sermo Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, dic príncipi Tyri: Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Eo quod elevátum est cor tuum, et dixísti: Deus ego sum, et in cáthedra Dei sedi in corde maris, cum sis homo, et non deus: et dedísti cor tuum quasi cor Dei: ecce sapiéntior es tu Daniéle: omne secrétum non est abscónditum a te: in sapiéntia et prudéntia tua fecísti tibi fortitúdinem, et acquisísti aurum et argéntum in thesáuris tuis: in multitúdine sapiéntiæ tuæ, et in negotiatióne tua multiplicásti tibi fortitúdinem, et elevátum est cor tuum in róbore tuo: proptérea hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Eo quod elevátum est cor tuum quasi cor dei, idcírco ecce ego addúcam super te aliénos, robustíssimos géntium: et nudábunt gládios suos super pulchritúdinem sapiéntiæ tuæ, et pólluent decórem tuum. Interfícient, et détrahent te: et moriéris in intéritu occisórum in corde maris. Numquid dicens lóqueris: Deus ego sum, coram interficiéntibus te, cum sis homo, et non deus, in manu occidéntium te? Morte incircumcisórum moriéris in manu alienórum, quia ego locútus sum, ait Dóminus Deus. Et factus est sermo Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, leva planctum super regem Tyri, et dices ei: Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Tu signáculum similitúdinis, plenus sapiéntia, et perféctus decóre. In delíciis paradísi Dei fuísti: omnis lapis pretiósus operiméntum tuum, sárdius, topázius, et jaspis, chrysólithus, et onyx, et berýllus, sapphírus, et carbúnculus, et smarágdus: aurum, opus decóris tui: et forá-
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-mina tua, in die qua cónditus es, præparáta sunt. Tu cherub exténtus, et prótegens, et pósui te in monte sancto Dei: in médio lápidum ignitórum ambulásti, perféctus in viis tuis a die conditiónis tuæ, donec invénta est iníquitas in te. In multitúdine negotiatiónis tuæ repléta sunt interióra tua iniquitáte, et peccásti: et ejéci te de monte Dei, et pérdidi te, o cherub prótegens, de médio lápidum ignitórum. Et elevátum est cor tuum in decóre tuo; perdidísti sapiéntiam tuam in decóre tuo: in terram projéci te; ante fáciem regum dedi te ut cérnerent te. In multitúdine iniquitátum tuárum, et iniquitáte negotiatiónis tuæ, polluísti sanctificatiónem tuam: prodúcam ergo ignem de médio tui, qui cómedat te, et dabo te in cínerem super terram, in conspéctu ómnium vidéntium te.Omnes qui víderint te in géntibus, obstupéscent super te: níhili factus es, et non eris in perpétuum. Et factus est sermo Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, pone fáciem tuam contra Sidónem, et prophetábis de ea: et dices: Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Ecce ego ad te, Sidon, et glorificábor in médio tui: et scient quia ego Dóminus, cum fécero in ea judícia, et sanctificátus fúero in ea. Et immíttam ei pestiléntiam, et sánguinem in platéis ejus: et córruent interfécti in médio ejus gládio per circúitum, et scient quia ego Dóminus. Et non erit ultra dómui Israël offendículum amaritúdinis, et spina dolórem ínferens úndique per circúitum eórum qui adversántur eis: et scient quia ego Dóminus Deus. Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Quando congregávero domum Israël de pópulis in quibus dispérsi sunt, sanctificábor in eis coram géntibus: et habitábunt in terra sua, quam dedi servo meo Jacob: et habitábunt in ea secúri, et ædificábunt domos, et plantábunt víneas, et habitábunt confidénter, cum fécero judícia in ómnibus qui adversántur eis per circúitum: et scient quia ego Dóminus Deus eórum. XXIX. In anno décimo, décimo mense, undécima die mensis, factum est verbum Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, pone fáciem tuam contra Pharaónem regem Ægýpti, et prophetábis de eo, et de Ægýpto univérsa. Lóquere, et dices: Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Ecce ego ad te, Phárao rex Ægýpti, draco magne, qui cubas in médio flúminum tuórum, et dicis: Meus est flúvius, et ego feci memetípsum. Et ponam frenum in maxíllis tuis, et agglutinábo pisces flúminum tuórum squamis tuis, et éx-
[Ezekiel 27:30-29:5]
...and they shall cast up dust upon their heads, and shall be sprinkled with ashes. 31 And they shall shave themselves bald for thee, and shall be girded with haircloth: and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of soul, with most bitter weeping. 32 And they shall take up a mournful song for thee, and shall lament thee: What city is like Tyre, which is become silent in the midst of the sea? 33 Which by thy merchandise that went from thee by sea didst fill many people: which by the multitude of thy riches, and of thy people didst enrich the kings of the earth. 34 Now thou art destroyed by the sea, thy riches are in the bottom of the waters, and all the multitude that was in the midst of thee is fallen. 35 All the inhabitants of the islands are astonished at thee: and all their kings being struck with the storm have changed their countenance. 36 The merchants of people have hissed at thee: thou art brought to nothing, and thou shalt never be any more.
1 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, say to the prince of Tyre: Thus saith the Lord God: Because thy heart is lifted up, and thou hast said: I am God, and I sit in the chair of God in the heart of the sea: whereas thou art a man, and not God: and hast set thy heart as if it were the heart of God. 3 Behold thou art wiser than Daniel: no secret is hid from thee. 4 In thy wisdom and thy understanding thou hast made thyself strong: and hast gotten gold and silver into thy treasures. 5 By the greatness of thy wisdom, and by thy traffic thou hast increased thy strength: and thy heart is lifted up with thy strength. 6 Therefore, thus saith the Lord God: Because thy heart is lifted up as the heart of God: 7 Therefore behold, I will bring upon thee strangers the strongest of the nations: and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and they shall defile thy beauty. 8 They shall kill thee, and bring thee down: and thou shalt die the death of them that are slain in the heart of the sea. 9 Wilt thou yet say before them that slay thee: I am God; whereas thou art a man, and not God, in the hand of them that slay thee? 10 Thou shalt die the death of the uncircumcised by the hand of strangers: for I have spoken it, saith the Lord God. 11 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: Son of man, take up a lamentation upon the king of Tyre: 12 And say to him: Thus saith the Lord God: Thou wast the seal of resemblance, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. 13 Thou wast in the pleasures of the paradise of God: every precious stone was thy covering: the sardius, the topaz, and the jasper, the chrysolite, and the onyx, and the beryl, the sapphire, and the carbuncle, and the emerald: gold the work of thy beauty: and thy pipes were prepared in the day that thou wast created. 14 Thou a cherub stretched out, and protecting, and I set thee in the holy mountain of God, thou hast walked in the midst of the stones of fire. 15 Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day of thy creation, until iniquity was found in thee. 16 By the multitude of thy merchandise, thy inner parts were filled with iniquity, and thou hast sinned: and I cast thee out from the mountain of God, and destroyed thee, O covering cherub, out of the midst of the stones of fire. 17 And thy heart was lifted up with thy beauty: thou hast lost thy wisdom in thy beauty, I have cast thee to the ground: I have set thee before the face of kings, that they might behold thee. 18 Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries by the multitude of thy iniquities, and by the iniquity of thy traffic: therefore I will bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, to devour thee, and I will make thee as ashes upon the earth in the sight of all that see thee. 19 All that shall see thee among the nations, shall be astonished at thee: thou art brought to nothing, and thou shalt never be any more. 20 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 21 Son of man, set thy face against Sidon: and thou shalt prophesy of it, 22 And shalt say: Thus saith the Lord God: Behold I come against thee, Sidon, and I will be glorified in the midst of thee: and they shall know that I am the Lord, when I shall execute judgments in her, and shall be sanctified in her. 23 And I will send into her pestilence, and blood in her streets: and they shall fall being slain by the sword on all sides in the midst thereof: and they shall know that I am the Lord. 24 And the house of Israel shall have no more a stumblingblock of bitterness, nor a thorn causing pain on every side round about them, of them that are against them: and they shall know that I am the Lord God. 25 Thus saith the Lord God: When I shall have gathered together the house of Israel out of the people among whom they are scattered: I will be sanctified in them before the Gentiles: and they shall dwell in their own land, which I gave to my servant Jacob. 26 And they shall dwell therein secure, and they shall build houses, and shall plant vineyards, and shall dwell with confidence, when I shall have executed judgments upon all that are their enemies round about: and they shall know that I am the Lord their God.
1 In the tenth year, the tenth month, the eleventh day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, set thy face against Pharao king of Egypt: and thou shalt prophesy of him, and of all Egypt: 3 Speak, and say: Thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I come against thee, Pharao king of Egypt, thou great dragon that liest in the midst of thy rivers, and sayest: The river is mine, and I made myself. 4 But I will put a bridle in thy jaws: and I will cause the fish of thy rivers to stick to thy scales: and I will draw thee out of the midst of thy rivers, and all thy fish shall stick to thy scales. 5 And I will...
Case Western Reserve University Leaf 14 Verso
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-tiríham te de médio flúminum tuórum, et univérsi pisces tui squamis tuis adhærébunt. Et projíciam te in desértum, et omnes pisces flúminis tui: super fáciem terræ cades; non collígeris, neque congregáberis: béstiis terræ et volatílibus cæli dedi te ad devorándum. Et scient omnes habitatóres Ægýpti quia ego Dóminus, pro eo quod fuísti báculus arundíneus dómui Israël: quando apprehendérunt te manu, et confráctus es, et lacerásti omnem húmerum eórum: et inniténtibus eis super te comminútus es, et dissolvísti omnes renes eórum. Proptérea hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Ecce ego addúcam super te gládium, et interfíciam de te hóminem et juméntum. Et erit terra Ægýpti in desértum et in solitúdinem: et scient quia ego Dóminus, pro eo quod díxeris: Flúvius meus est, et ego feci eum. Idcírco ecce ego ad te, et ad flúmina tua: dabóque terram Ægýpti in solitúdines, gládio dissipátam, a turre Sýenes usque ad términos Æthiópiæ. Non pertransíbit eam pes hóminis, neque pes juménti gradiétur in ea, et non habitábitur quadragínta annis. Dabóque terram Ægýpti desértam in médio terrárum desertárum, et civitátes ejus in médio úrbium subversárum, et erunt desolátæ quadragínta annis: et dispérgam Ægýptios in natiónes, et ventilábo eos in terras. Quia hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Post finem quadragínta annórum congregábo Ægýptum de pópulis in quibus dispérsi fúerant. Et redúcam captivitátem Ægýpti, et collocábo eos in terra Phathúres, in terra nativitátis suæ, et erunt ibi in regnum húmile. Inter cétera regna erit humíllima, et non elevábitur ultra super natiónes, et immínuam eos ne ímperent géntibus. Neque erunt ultra dómui Israël in confidéntia, docéntes iniquitátem ut fúgiant, et sequántur eos: et scient quia ego Dóminus Deus. Et factum est in vigésimo et séptimo anno, in primo, in una mensis: factum est verbum Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, Nebuchodonósor rex Babylónis servíre fecit exércitum suum servitúte magna advérsum Tyrum: omne caput decalvátum, et omnis húmerus depilátus est: et merces non est réddita ei, neque exercítui ejus, de Tyro, pro servitúte qua servívit mihi advérsus eam. Proptérea hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Ecce ego dabo Nabuchodonósor regem Babylónis in terra Ægýpti: et accípiet multitúdinem ejus, et deprædábitur manúbias ejus, et dirípiet spólia ejus: et erit merces exercítui illíus, et óperi quo servívit advérsus eam: dedi ei terram Ægýpti pro eo quod laboráverit mihi, ait Dóminus Deus. In die illo pullulábit cornu dómui Israël, et tibi dabo apértum os in médio eórum, et scient quia ego Dóminus.
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XXX. Et factum est verbum Dómini ad me, dicens: Fili hóminis, prophéta, et dic: Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Ululáte: Væ, væ diéi! quia juxta est dies, et appropínquat dies Dómini, dies nubis: tempus géntium erit. Et véniet gládius in Ægýptum, et erit pavor in Æthiópia, cum cecíderint vulneráti in Ægýpto, et abláta fúerit multitúdo illíus, et destrúcta fundaménta ejus. Æthiópia, et Líbya, et Lydi, et omne réliquum vulgus, et Chub, et fílii terræ fóederis, cum eis gládio cadent. Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Et córruent fulciéntes Ægýptum, et destruétur supérbia impérii ejus: a turre Sýenes gládio cadent in ea, ait Dóminus Deus exercítuum. Et dissipabúntur in médio terrárum desolatárum, et urbes ejus in médio civitátum desertárum erunt: et scient quia ego Dóminus, cum dédero ignem in Ægýpto, et attríti fúerint omnes auxiliatóres ejus. In die illa egrediéntur núntii a fácie mea in triéribus ad conteréndam Æthiópiæ confidéntiam: et erit pavor in eis in die Ægýpti, quia absque dúbio véniet. Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Cessáre fáciam multitúdinem Ægýpti in manu Nabuchodonósor regis Babylónis. Ipse et pópulus ejus cum eo, fortíssimi géntium, adducéntur ad disperdéndam terram: et evaginábunt gládios suos super Ægýptum, et implébunt terram interféctis. Et fáciam álveos flúminum áridos, et tradam terram in manus pessimórum: et dissipábo terram et plenitúdinem ejus manu alienórum: ego Dóminus locútus sum. Hæc dicit Dóminus Deus: Et dispérdam simulácra, et cessáre fáciam idóla de Memphis: et dux de terra Ægýpti non erit ámplius, et dabo terrórem in terra Ægýpti. Et dispérdam terram Phathúres, et dabo ignem in Taphnis, et fáciam judícia in Alexándria. Et effúndam indignatiónem meam super Pelúsium, robur Ægýpti, et interfíciam multitúdinem Alexándriæ. Et dabo ignem in Ægýpto: quasi partúriens dolébit Pelúsium, et Alexándria erit dissipáta, et in Memphis angústiæ quotidiánæ. Júvenes Heliopóleos et Bubásti gládio cadent, et ipsæ captívæ ducéntur. Et in Taphnis nigréscet dies, cum contrívero ibi sceptra Ægýpti, et defécerit in ea supérbia poténtiæ ejus: ipsam nubes opériet, fíliæ autem ejus in captivitátem ducéntur. Et judícia fáciam in Ægýpto: et scient quia ego Dóminus. Et factum est in un-
[Ezekiel 29:5-30:20]
...I will cast thee forth into the desert, and all the fish of thy river: thou shalt fall upon the face of the earth, thou shalt not be taken up, nor gathered together: I have given thee for meat to the beasts of the earth, and to the fowls of the air. 6 And all the inhabitants of Egypt shall know that I am the Lord: because thou hast been a staff of a reed to the house of Israel. 7 When they took hold of thee with the hand thou didst break, and rent all their shoulder: and when they leaned upon thee, thou brokest, and weakenest all their loins. 8 Therefore thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I will bring the sword upon thee: and cut off man and beast out of thee. 9 And the land of Egypt shall become a desert, and a wilderness: and they shall know that I am the Lord: because thou hast said: The river is mine, and I made it. 10 Therefore, behold I come against thee, and thy rivers: and I will make the land of Egypt utterly desolate, and wasted by the sword, from the tower of Syene, even to the borders of Ethiopia. 11 The foot of man shall not pass through it, neither shall the foot of beasts go through it: nor shall it be inhabited during forty years. 12 And I will make the land of Egypt desolate in the midst of the lands that are desolate, and the cities thereof in the midst of the cities that are destroyed, and they shall be desolate for forty years: and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries. 13 For thus saith the Lord God: At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the people among whom they had been scattered. 14 And I will bring back the captivity of Egypt, and will place them in the land of Phatures, in the land of their nativity, and they shall be there a low kingdom: 15 It shall be the lowest among other kingdoms, and it shall no more be exalted over the nations, and I will diminish them that they shall rule no more over the nations. 16 And they shall be no more a confidence to the house of Israel, teaching iniquity, that they may flee, and follow them: and they shall know that I am the Lord God. 17 And it came to pass in the seven and twentieth year, in the first month, in the first of the month: that the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 18 Son of man, Nabuchodonosor king of Babylon hath made his army to undergo hard service against Tyre: every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled: and there hath been no reward given him, nor his army for Tyre, for the service that he rendered me against it. 19 Therefore thus saith the Lord God: Behold, I will set Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon in the land of Egypt: and he shall take her multitude, and take the booty thereof for a prey, and rifle the spoils thereof: and it shall be wages for his army. 20 And for the service that he hath done me against it: I have given him the land of Egypt, because he hath laboured for me, saith the Lord God. 21 In that day a horn shall bud forth to the house of Israel, and I will give thee an open mouth in the midst of them: and they shall know that I am the Lord.
1 And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: 2 Son of man prophesy, and say: Thus saith the Lord God: Howl ye, Woe, woe to the day: 3 For the day is near, yea the day of the Lord is near: a cloudy day, it shall be the time of the nations. 4 And the sword shall come upon Egypt: and there shall be dread in Ethiopia, when the wounded shall fall in Egypt, and the multitude thereof shall be taken away, and the foundations thereof shall be destroyed. 5 Ethiopia, and Libya, and Lydia, and all the rest of the crowd, and Chub, and the children of the land of the covenant, shall fall with them by the sword. 6 Thus saith the Lord God: They also that uphold Egypt shall fall, and the pride of her empire shall be brought down: from the tower of Syene shall they fall in it by the sword, saith the Lord the God of hosts. 7 And they shall be desolate in the midst of the lands that are desolate, and the cities thereof shall be in the midst of the cities that are wasted. 8 And they shall know that I am the Lord: when I shall have set a fire in Egypt, and all the helpers thereof shall be destroyed. 9 In that day shall messengers go forth from my face in ships to destroy the confidence of Ethiopia, and there shall be dread among them in the day of Egypt: because it shall certainly come. 10 Thus saith the Lord God: I will make the multitude of Egypt to cease by the hand of Nabuchodonosor the king of Babylon. 11 He and his people with him, the strongest of nations, shall be brought to destroy the land: and they shall draw their swords upon Egypt: and shall fill the land with the slain. 12 And I will make the channels of the rivers dry, and will deliver the land into the hand of the wicked: and will lay waste the land and all that is therein by the hands of strangers, I the Lord have spoken it. 13 Thus saith the Lord God: I will also destroy the idols, and I will make an end of the idols of Memphis: and there shall be no more a prince of the land of Egypt: and I will cause a terror in the land of Egypt. 14 And I will destroy the land of Phatures, and will make a fire in Taphnis, and will execute judgments in Alexandria. 15 And I will pour out my indignation upon Pelusium the strength of Egypt, and will cut off the multitude of Alexandria. 16 And I will make a fire in Egypt: Pelusium shall be in pain like a woman in labour, and Alexandria shall be laid waste, and in Memphis there shall be daily distresses. 17 The young men of Heliopolis, and of Bubastus shall fall by the sword, and they themselves shall go into captivity. 18 And in Taphnis the day shall be darkened, when I shall break there the sceptres of Egypt, and the pride of her power shall cease in her: a cloud shall cover her, and her daughters shall be led into captivity. 19 And I will execute judgments in Egypt: and they shall know that I am the Lord. 20 And it came to pass in the...